As with many prescription medications, buprenorphine can cause unwanted side effects
There are numerous strategies for addressing addiction. One such approach is medication-assisted treatment (MAT), which utilizes medications to assist individuals in recovery by preventing withdrawal-related health issues and reducing the chances of relapse. Buprenorphine is commonly included in MAT programs. However, it is important to note that, like many prescription medications, buprenorphine may have adverse effects if not used as intended.
Buprenorphine, created during the 1960s, had its beginnings as a potential substitute for morphine in alleviating pain. At that time, the drawbacks of morphine, such as its addictive nature and adverse effects, were widely acknowledged, prompting the search for a superior medication to aid individuals in managing their pain. Classified as a Schedule III drug, buprenorphine poses a relatively low to moderate risk of physical dependence, while carrying a high risk of psychological dependence.
Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, acts on the same brain receptors, referred to as opioid receptors, as other opioids such as heroin. However, it differs in that it does not induce the same intense feelings of euphoria. Through clinical testing, researchers discovered the potential of buprenorphine for treating narcotic addiction, although it was not FDA-approved for this purpose until the early 2000s.
In present times, buprenorphine is commonly combined with naloxone to form a brand-name medication called Suboxone. Suboxone is widely utilized in MAT programs to address opioid and alcohol use disorders. Other brand names for buprenorphine or buprenorphine-combination medications include Bunavail and Zubsolv.
MAT programs for both alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder may incorporate buprenorphine into a comprehensive treatment plan that encompasses counseling therapies and other conventional approaches. In the case of opioid addiction, buprenorphine functions as an opioid substitute, inhibiting the full interaction of more dangerous opioids with brain receptors. This effectively hinders the pleasurable sensations induced by substances like heroin, morphine, and other opioids. Simultaneously, the medication reduces the adverse effects of withdrawal, including the intense cravings that pose a challenge for many highly motivated recovery patients in their quest to avoid relapse.
Buprenorphine is frequently combined with naloxone, also known as Narcan, a well-known medication that counteracts the impact of narcotic substances. This powerful duo, called Suboxone, has become a potent weapon in the fight against the opioid crisis. By alleviating withdrawal symptoms and protecting individuals from potentially fatal overdoses, Suboxone has proven to be an indispensable tool in tackling this epidemic.
Buprenorphine operates in a similar manner when utilized to address alcohol addiction. It effectively diminishes the desire for alcohol as well as alleviates the distressing symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, which can be particularly severe for certain individuals. Generally, Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) is suggested for individuals with a severe and enduring alcohol use disorder. The withdrawal symptoms linked to intense alcohol addiction can inflict both physical and psychological anguish, and in some cases, even pose a life-threatening risk. These symptoms may encompass seizures, hallucinations, and delirium tremens.
Buprenorphine is typically provided in the form of a dissolving sublingual film or tablet, which is taken by placing it under the tongue. A prescription from a doctor is necessary, and in certain instances, it can only be obtained from a doctor's office or a rehab clinic. The treatment plan is tailored to each individual's specific requirements, but it is generally recommended to take the medication twice a week. Additionally, there are alternative formulations available. For instance, Suboxone also comes in an injectable form known as Sublocade, which requires only a single monthly dose.
While buprenorphine effectively addresses withdrawal symptoms and reduces the chances of relapse, the presence of naloxone in Suboxone is essential. This component acts as a countermeasure, thwarting the detrimental effects of opioids. Recent alarming statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reveal a shocking 107,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2021, with opioid-related fatalities steadily increasing since 2020. By integrating naloxone into a regular medication regimen, individuals in treatment have the potential to save their lives in the event of a relapse.
Opioid withdrawal carries the perilous risk of overdose, which is the most dangerous side effect. After the body has successfully rid itself of opioids, the dose that was once familiar could turn lethal. For individuals struggling with opioid use disorder (OUD), it becomes easy to consume a previously tolerable amount of heroin or OxyContin. However, due to the body's altered ability to metabolize the drug, that same dose now possesses the potential to be fatal. In such cases, Naloxone can serve as a remedy by reversing the symptoms of opioid overdose.
Moreover, Naloxone may also be incorporated into Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for alcohol use disorder. By obstructing alcohol's impact on the brain, it effectively reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Medication-assisted treatment, a well-researched and FDA-approved approach for treating opioid addiction, is highly recommended by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and other reputable health organizations. However, it is important to acknowledge that buprenorphine addiction treatment still carries its own risks. Being partial opioid agonists, buprenorphine and Suboxone do have the potential for addiction. Nevertheless, the risk of addiction is significantly lower compared to other types of opioids. When incorporated into a comprehensive addiction treatment plan, buprenorphine assists in a gradual and safe withdrawal from more hazardous opioids. Consequently, individuals in rehabilitation can stabilize their physical and mental well-being while simultaneously working towards rebuilding relationships and their lives on various levels.
Buprenorphine possesses a phenomenon known as the "ceiling effect," which essentially limits the potential of the drug to deliver heightened effects, even with increased or excessive dosages. Consequently, there exists minimal incentive for misuse, as surpassing recommended doses fails to amplify its impact. Nonetheless, it remains feasible to engage in misuse and develop an addiction to buprenorphine.
Suboxone and buprenorphine can be obtained through illicit drug trade. These substances, although offering only mild effects, are primarily sought after by individuals battling opioid addiction who wish to alleviate withdrawal symptoms or safeguard against a potentially fatal overdose, rather than those seeking a recreational high.
Although addiction is improbable, buprenorphine may induce certain short-term side effects in select individuals:
The long-term effects of buprenorphine addiction can be serious and include the following:
When acquiring buprenorphine unlawfully, individuals must also take into account the legal and financial repercussions. All forms of addiction can lead to shattered relationships, unemployment, diminished self-worth and self-assurance, as well as potential legal ramifications. Furthermore, purchasing illicit drugs carries the peril of consuming a substance that may be adulterated with unfamiliar elements, thereby heightening the likelihood of a dangerous drug overdose due to unforeseen interactions.
When patients follow the proper administration of a MAT program, they can expect minimal, if any, withdrawal symptoms. After a period of maintenance, which can range from several months to several years, a gradual tapering-off process will commence. Over the course of approximately 60 days, the dosage of buprenorphine (or Suboxone) will be systematically reduced on a weekly basis. This gradual and consistent approach promotes the patient's overall well-being and diminishes the chances of relapse.
However, if the medication is misused or an individual abruptly stops taking it, withdrawal symptoms may ensue. These symptoms may encompass:
The impact of opioids on the brain varies from person to person. As someone continues to use buprenorphine over time, their body becomes more accustomed to the substance, making withdrawal more challenging. The severity of withdrawal symptoms is also influenced by the dosage of buprenorphine being used and the duration of abuse.
Is it possible to overdose on buprenorphine?
Overdose is possible with buprenorphine. However, a fatal overdose is unlikely unless other dangerous substances are combined with buprenorphine. Any substance that is classified as a sedative, including prescription or over-the-counter sleep medications, increases the risk of overdose. Benzodiazepines, like Valium, are extremely dangerous to combine with buprenorphine because they also depress the respiratory system.
Symptoms of buprenorphine overdose may include:
In severe cases, a buprenorphine overdose can lead to respiratory depression, coma, brain damage, and death. If you suspect someone has overdosed on buprenorphine, Suboxone, or any other substance, call 911 immediately and stay with the person until help arrives.
All approved treatments for other forms of opioid use disorder can effectively address buprenorphine addiction as well. If an individual develops an addiction to buprenorphine due to medication-assisted treatment or illicit attempts to manage opioid withdrawal, they may not be suitable for a medication-assisted treatment program. Nonetheless, each person's circumstances vary, and only a qualified physician can assess and make that decision.
Detoxification is a crucial initial phase in the treatment journey and may necessitate medical oversight in a controlled environment. Throughout supervised detox, healthcare experts closely observe a patient's symptoms and administer specific therapies to ensure their safety and comfort during the detoxification process.
For buprenorphine detox, it is generally advised to opt for inpatient treatment. Residential programs not only address withdrawal symptoms but also offer a sense of responsibility and assist patients in laying the groundwork for their subsequent steps in addiction treatment.
Other therapies that may be used to help treat buprenorphine addiction include:
Learning to manage stress and strengthening other everyday coping skills are integral parts of any addiction treatment program.
Opioid use disorder is a perilous illness that can be effectively treated. Individuals who are seeking aid for OUD need not fear the utilization of buprenorphine or Suboxone; however, it is crucial to be mindful of the health risks associated with the misuse of these medications. Thankfully, there is accessible and efficient treatment for buprenorphine addiction.
If you're struggling with a morphine addiction or any form of buprenorphine dependency, seeking assistance is crucial. At Changing Echoes, we provide personalized programs tailored to address your specific challenges and circumstances. Our state-of-the-art facilities and cutting-edge techniques for treating substance use disorders can guide you back to a healthier path. Reach out to Changing Echoes today at (800) 633-7066.
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